3. What type of test and for what situation?
The recommended kind of test , be it PCR or a rapid test, depends in particular on age and degree of vulnerability of the person concerned by the test and his or her risk of exposure to the virus.
As a general rule :
The PCR test, recognised as the most reliable, is always recommended primarily for symptomatic individuals who are vulnerable and/or who are caregivers in direct contact with patients and/or who have had symptoms for more than 4 days. They are also recommended for children exposed to COVID-19, as rapid antigen tests are not as accurate in this population group.
For other indications, however, the use of rapid antigen tests is recommended. They have the advantage of being easier to access as they do not require laboratory analysis and, above all, they give an immediate result (15-20 minutes).
Professionals who perform the tests will advise you on which kind of test is recommended for your situation. The chart hereunder (in French) provides indications on the testing strategy.
PCR tests are the most reliable but only give a result within 24 hours as they require laboratory analysis. The sample is taken by a professional using a nasopharyngeal swab (cotton swab in the nose), an oropharyngeal swab (cotton swab in the throat) or a saliva swab (saliva sample). The saliva sample can be taken by the patient and then sent for analysis, only in the case of pooling PCR tests (in the case of repetitive screening) or in the case of comfort screening.
Antigen tests known as "rapid tests"
Antigenic or rapid tests have the benefit of providing a result within 15-20 minutes but are less accurate. They are recommended for broad screening in low-risk settings because they are easily accessible and do not require laboratory analysis. Sampling is carried out by a professional by means of a nasopharyngeal swab (cotton swab at the back of the nose) or an oropharyngeal swab (cotton swab in the throat). Antigenic tests with nasal sampling (cotton swab in the nostrils) will soon be available.
Pooled PCR tests (in professional or educational settings)
To simplify targeted and repetitive testing in a professional setting, the FOPH also recommends "pooled" PCR tests - i.e. tests carried out on the basis of personalised samples (nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal or salivary) but analysed by grouping several samples. If one of the tested groups is positive, the samples from each member of the group are then analysed individually to identify the positive person or persons. This technique allows for regular testing of a large population group while reducing constraints and costs.
Since 1 October 2021, self-tests are no longer reimbursed by the Confederation. Anyone wishing to purchase self-tests can continue to do so at their own expense, whether in pharmacies, drugstores or retail outlets.
The self-test isn't recommended if:
- you have coronavirus symptoms
- you have had contact with someone who was tested positive
- you are in quarantine
- you intend to visit vulnerable people
- you are entering Switzerland and need a negative result for this.
More information on the FOPH website
